Separation of the thin bottom of the cake after baking

[Theofilos]

Hello
Why is it that after a cake is baked, the bottom very thin layer of 1-2mm separates from the rest?
This happens on most surfaces.
Also, it does not rise evenly. In some places air builds up under the dough and causes a bulge.
In some places, gas accumulates under the top part of the dough more than elsewhere.
The dough is well mixed with a mixer (food processor).
The dough consists of wheat and rye flour, sugar, caramel, soda (raising agent), spices, potato flour, salt, citric acid and water.

Is this related to the baking temperature, to the amount of water, or perhaps to the order of the ingredients?

Regards
Theofilos

 

[retired baker]

cake and dough aren't 2 words that belong together , just a guess but I'd say ,,
the absence of any fat or oil.

the recipe looks more like irish soda bread, that requires very light mixing by hand.

 

[Theofilos]

Thank you very much for your reply.

At the baking stage, when the dough hasn't been baked yet, gases accumulate underneath it, causing the cake to bulge.
After baking, the cake remains uneven, with visible bulges.
Additionally, after baking, the thin bottom layer of the cake tends to separate from the rest.

There is not supposed to be oil there.

I created the recipe myself based on the ingredients and nutritional table of gingerbread produced for about 250 years by a well-known manufacturer.
I wanted to make something like this myself at home.
On the package is
Ingredients: wheat flour, sugar, rye flour, colour (caramel), raising agent (ammonium carbonates), spices 0,7%, potato starch, salt, acidity regulator (citric acid)

The ingredients, as you know, are listed in descending order.

Nutrition value:
Energy – 349 kcal
Fat – 1,0 g
- of which saturates – 0,3 g
Carbohydrate – 76 g
- of which sugars – 32 g
Protein – 6,2 g
Salt – 0,13 g

Is it just down to the mixing that the bottom separates?
The cake is also less fluffy, it melts less in the mouth than the original one.
Where am I making a mistake?