Being diabetic, I'm supposed to stay away from "table sugar" which is basically white sugar.
But diabetes is different for everybody. Some can still eat sugar, some cannot have any at all.
The ONE BIG THING you have to watch out for, are foods that are high starches that turn to sugar once they get dissolved in your stomach.........white rice, processed flours, table sugars, etc...
There are tons of different kinds of artificial and non-sugar substitutes. You will just have to find the one that you like best and works best for your needs.
As for sugarless desserts..........theres a ton of recipes out there. Just depends on what kind of dessert you want. I still make banana pudding once in a while, and theres a really good choco pie recipe I use that has no sugar in it.
Then again, some things are meant to have actual sugar in them..............cheesecake, Key Lime Pie.........two of my favorites I've tried with artificial sweeteners, and they were GROSS!!!!!
You should be able to find sugarless cookies on the shelves in the grocery store if you want something simple like that.
But really, it just depends on what your Dr says you need to stay away from, as it's different for everybody.